Bat with barrel inner tube weight

ABSTRACT

A ball bat includes a handle portion, a barrel portion, an inner tube extending within the barrel portion and a weight axially secured within the inner tube within the barrel portion. The barrel portion has an outer wall about a hollow interior. The inner tube extends along an axis within the hollow interior and is radially spaced from and out of contact with the outer wall.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is related to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/166,427filed on May 27, 2016 by Gray et al. and entitled BAT WITH BARREL PIVOT JOINT, the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the use of a tube that secures a weight within a barrel portion of a ball bat.

BACKGROUND

Baseball and softball are very popular sports in the United States, Japan, Cuba, and elsewhere. Many ball bats contain a prescribed amount of “casting” or dead weight to influence the balance point and the weight of the bat. The deadweight is typically added to one of two locations: the knob or the endcap of the bat.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a ball bat that offers a greater degree of freedom for the location of the “casting” or deadweight, facilitating customization of a bat to the preferences of individual users. The present invention utilizes an inner tube that extends within the barrel portion of the bat in which contains at least one weight. Use of the inner tube may provide at least two advantages. First, the inner tube allows the weight to be provided at locations other than just the knob or endcap. As a result, the inner tube allows the weight to be located at the location along the barrel portion such that during a swing, weight may be focused behind the ball at impact, driving more the available energy into the ball. Second, the inner tube supports the weight within the barrel portion without touching the barrel walls, maintaining and/or improving the performance of the barrel portion and facilitating energy transfer to the ball.

This invention will become more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings described herein below, and wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side view of an example baseball or softball bat.

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of the bat of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an example weight for the bat of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of another example weight within another example inner tube of the bat of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an example weight within an example inner tube of the bat of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 6A is a fragmentary sectional view of the portion of the bat of FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 10 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 11 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 12 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 13 is a fragmentary sectional view of the portion of the bat of FIG. 12 with an additional example weight.

FIG. 14 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat with an example weight in a first position.

FIG. 15 is a fragmentary sectional view of the portion of the bat of FIG. 14 with the example weight in a second position.

FIG. 16 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 17 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 18 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 19 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 20 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 21 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 22 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 23 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 24 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 25 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 26 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 27 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 28 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 29 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 30 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 31 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

FIG. 32 is a fragmentary sectional view of a portion of another example bat.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an example baseball or softball bat 20. As shown by FIG. 1, bat 20 comprises a knob 22, a handle portion 24 and a barrel portion 26. As shown by FIG. 2, bat 20 additionally comprises inner tube 40 and weight 44. Knob 22 extends at a proximal end 62 of the handle portion 24 of the bat 20, and has a diameter wider than that of handle portion 24. In one implementation, knob 22 is attached to handle portion 24. In yet another implementation, knob 22 is integrally formed as a single unitary body with handle portion 24.

Handle portion 24 comprises elongate structure extending from knob 22 towards a distal end 64 of bat 20. Handle portion 24 has a proximal region 28 sized to be gripped by a batter's hands. Handle portion 24 has a distal region 30 connected to barrel portion 26.

In the example illustrated, distal region 30 of handle portion 24 has a constant or uniform diameter along its length. In the example illustrated, handle portion 24 has a constant or uniform diameter along its entire length, including the proximal region 28 and distal region 30 (e.g. FIGS. 13 and 15). The uniform or constant diameter of handle portion 24 facilitates fabrication or manufacturing of handle portion 24. In one implementation, handle portion 24 has an outer diameter of at least 0.5 inch and no greater than 1.25 inches. In yet other implementations, handle portion 24 may have other outer diameters. In other implementations, handle portion 24 may have a varying diameter along its length. In one implementation, the distal region 30 of handle portion 24 can taper outward away from the longitudinal axis 32 to form a generally frustoconical shape configured to engage a corresponding proximal region 36 of barrel portion 26.

The handle portion 24 is formed of a strong, generally flexible, lightweight material, preferably a fiber composite material. Alternatively, the handle portion 24 can be formed of other materials such as an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy, steel, other alloys, a thermoplastic material, a thermoset material, wood or combinations thereof. As used herein, the terms “composite material” or “fiber composite material” refer to a plurality of fibers impregnated (or permeated throughout) with a resin. In one preferred embodiment, the fibers can be systematically aligned through the use of one or more creels, and drawn through a die with a resin to produce a pultrusion, as discussed further below. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the fibers can be co-axially aligned in sheets or layers, braided or weaved in sheets or layers, and/or chopped and randomly dispersed in one or more layers. The composite material may be formed of a single layer or multiple layers comprising a matrix of fibers impregnated with resin. In particularly preferred embodiments, the number layers can range from 3 to 8. In other implementations, more than 8 layers can be used. In yet other implementations, the layers may be thinner, wherein the number of layers ranges from 20 to 30 layers, nominally 25 layers. In multiple layer constructions, the fibers can be aligned in different directions (or angles) with respect to the longitudinal axis 32 including 0 degrees, 90 degrees and angular positions between 0 to 90 degrees, and/or in braids or weaves from layer to layer. For composite materials formed in a pultrusion process, the angles can range from 0 to 90 degrees. In some implementations, the layers may be separated at least partially by one or more scrims or veils. When used, the scrim or veil will generally separate two adjacent layers and inhibit resin flow between layers during curing. Scrims or veils can also be used to reduce shear stress between layers of the composite material. The scrim or veils can be formed of glass, nylon, thermoplastic, rubber, rubberized materials, and combinations thereof. In one particular embodiment, the scrim or veil can be used to enable sliding or independent movement between layers of the composite material. The fibers are formed of a high tensile strength material such as graphite. Alternatively, the fibers can be formed of other materials such as, for example, glass, carbon, boron, basalt, carrot, aramid, Spectra®, poly-para-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO), hemp and combinations thereof. In one set of preferred embodiments, the resin is preferably a thermosetting resin such as epoxy or polyester resins.

Barrel portion 26 comprises an elongate hollow tubular member which provides a hitting zone or surface for bat 20. In one implementation, barrel portion 26 is formed from aluminum. In another implementation, barrel portion 26 may be formed from a fiber composite material. For example purposes only, one example composite barrel portion 26 may be manufactured by rolling multiple layers of parallelogram-shaped pieces of pre-preg, each layer having a height of about 0.005 inches (0.127 mm), onto a mandrel, thereby making a tube with an outer diameter appropriately sized for a ball bat barrel portion. In other implementations, barrel portion 26 can be formed of other materials, such as, for example, aluminum, other alloys, wood, and combinations thereof. The parallelograms can be rolled up such that each layer has a butt joint with itself and such that on one end all the layers stop at the same longitudinal station but on the other end, each layer can be about one centimeter shorter than the previous layer, creating a tapered end 16. In other implementations, the layers of pre-preg can be laid up such that a portion of one of the layers overlaps a portion of another layer. In one implementation, the layers are angled +/−37 degrees from the longitudinal with each layer orientated at a negative angle to the previous layer. In other implementations, other lay-ups of composite materials with other angles and combinations of angles can be used. In still other implementations, barrel portion 26 can be formed of other materials, such as, for example, other alloys, wood, and combinations thereof.

Barrel portion 26 comprises distal region 34 and proximal region 36. In the example illustrated, distal region 34 has a generally constant diameter while proximal region 36 tapers inwardly from distal region 34 towards knob 22 and towards the outer surface of handle portion 24. In other implementations, distal region 34 and proximal region 36 may have other configurations. For example, the diameter of the barrel portion 26 may taper inward and/or outward continuously along its length, or over a substantial portion of its length. In one implementation, barrel portion 26 is a separate structure from handle portion 24, where barrel portion 26 is connected to handle portion 24. In another implementation, barrel portion 26 and handle portion 24 may be formed as a single integral unitary body.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a portion of barrel portion 26 illustrating tube 40 and weight 44. Tube 40 extends within barrel portion 26 and supports weight 44. Tube 40 has outer surfaces radially spaced from the inner surfaces of barrel portion 26. In one implementation, tube 40 is supported in such spaced relationship to barrel portion 26 at a location proximate to distal end 34, such as by an endcap of bat 20. In another implementation, tube 40 is supported in such a spaced relationship to barrel portion 26 at a location proximate to the proximal end 36 of barrel portion 26. For example, in one implementation, tube 40 may be connected to handle portion 24. In another implementation, tube 40 may comprise an extension of handle portion 24, wherein tube 40 forms the core structure of handle portion 24.

In one implementation, tube 40 has a circular cross-section. In another implementation, tube 40 has an elliptical or polygonal cross sectional shape. In one implementation, tube 40 has a wall thickness of between 0.01 and 0.25 inch. In one implementation, tube 40 has an interior diameter of between 0.1 and 1.4 inches and an outer diameter of between 0.12 and 1.5 inches. In one implementation, tube 40 has a length of at least 3 inches. In one implementation, tube 40 extends along at least 3 inches of barrel portion 26. In one implementation, tube 40 extends along at least 10 percent of the axial length of barrel portion 26. In one implementation, tube 40 can extend from the end cap of bat 20. In another implementation, tube 40 can extend from the handle. In another implementation, tube 40 can extend from the proximal end 36 of bat 40. In one implementation, the thickness of the tube can vary along its length, such as a thin to thick, thick to thin, or other variable thickness configurations.

In one implementation, tube 40 may be formed in a fashion similar to handle portion 24. As indicated above, in some implementations, tube 40 may be formed concurrently with the forming of handle portion 24 as a single integral unitary body. In one implementation, tube 40 is formed of a strong, generally flexible, lightweight material, preferably a fiber composite material. Alternatively, tube 40 can be formed of other materials such as an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy, steel, other alloys, a thermoplastic material, a thermoset material, wood or combinations thereof

Weight 44 comprises a mass of material having a prescribed weight. In one implementation, weight 44 comprises an elongate solid plug positioned within tube 40. In yet another implementation, weight 44 may comprise hollow portions. In one implementation, weight 44 may have an outer cross sectional shape or profile that matches and corresponds to the cross-sectional inner shape or profile of tube 40. In one implementation, weight 44 has an axial length of between 0.1 and 10 inches.

In one implementation, weight 44 has a uniform density and/or uniform weight distribution in both longitudinal or axial directions and radial directions with respect to its centerline. In yet another implementation, weight 44 may have a non-uniform density and/or non-uniform weight distribution in at least one of the longitudinal/axial direction and radial direction with respect to its centerline. In one implementation, weight 44 may comprise multiple layers, wherein different layers have different densities and/or are formed from different materials so as to provide different weight distributions in the radial direction. In one implementation, weight 44 may comprise multiple axial segments having different densities and/or formed from different materials so as to provide different weight distributions in the axial a longitudinal direction. In some implementations, weight 44 may have a varying outer shape or outer diameter, wherein only portions of the outer surface of weight 44 are in contact with the inner surface of tube 40 and wherein the radially narrower portions have a lower weight as compared to the wider portions of weight 44.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an example weight 144. Weight 44 comprises multiple layers, an inner layer or core 160 and an outer layer 162. Core 160 and outer layer 162 are formed from different materials having different weight densities. In one implementation, core 160 has a greater weight density as compared to layer 162. In another implementation, core 160 has a lighter weight density as compared to layer 162. In some implementations, core 160 may be omitted, wherein layer 162 has a hollow core.

Although illustrated as having a circular cross-sectional shape, in other implementations, the weight 44 may have a noncircular or asymmetrical cross-sectional shape to further inhibit rotation of the weight relative to the tube. FIG. 4 is a sectional view illustrating another example tube 240 containing another example weight 244. Tube 240 has an asymmetric inner surface 248. Weight 244 has an outer surface 251 that has a shape or profile that matches the shape or profile of surface 348. As a result, rotation of weight 244 is inhibited. In the example illustrated, weight 244 has a polygonal cross sectional shape. In the example illustrated, weight 244 has an octagon shape. In one implementation, inner surface 248 may have other cross sectional shape such as an oval shape, an irregular shape or other polygonal shapes.

Although illustrated as being formed from a single member, in other implementations, weight 44 may be provided by multiple independent sections or segments mounted or otherwise secured to one another to provide adjustability for weight 44. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a portion of barrel portion 26 illustrating tube 40 and weight 344, an example implementation of weight 44. Weight 344 is secured within tube 40 and comprises multiple interconnected segments, segments 347, 348 and 349. In the example illustrated, segments 347, 348, 349 are each formed from different materials having different weight characteristics. While segments 347 and 349 have the same shape and length, segments 348 is shorter and thinner. Segment 348 has an outer surface spaced from the inner surface of tube 40. The different materials and the different dimensions of segments 347, 348 and 349 provide weight 344 with a defined weight distribution or weight profile. In other implementations, other weights and will may have other combinations of segments formed from different materials and/or having different dimensions as compared to one another.

In one implementation, segments 347, 348 and 349 are releasably secured to one another. For purposes of this disclosure, the term “releasably” or “removably” with respect to an attachment or coupling of two structures means that the two structures may be repeatedly connected and disconnected to and from one another without material damage to either of the two structures or their functioning. For example, in one implementation, segment 348 may comprise a threaded shaft 351 (shown in broken lines) projecting from either side which are threadably received within corresponding threaded bore 353 (shown in broken lines) in segments 347 and 349. As a result, segment 347 and/or 349 may be separated from segment 348 and replaced with a different segment with different dimensions and/or formed from different materials. In yet another implementation, segments 347, 348 and 349 releasably snap to one another, allowing separation for being interchanged with different segments. As a result, the configuration and weight distribution of weight 344 may be customized. In another implementation, segment 348 can be comprised of one or more elastomeric materials to provide dampening between segments 347 and 349. Although weight 344 is illustrated as comprising three distinct segments, in other implementations, weight 444 may comprise a pair of different segments or more than three different segments. In yet other implementations, the different segments of weight 444 may be integral with one another (such as being cast as a one piece member), providing a single integral unitary body or one piece unit.

Each of the example weights 44, 144, 244 and 344 are retained within their respective tubes against relative rotational movement and axial movement with respect to the respective tube. In one implementation, as shown by FIG. 2, weight 44, 144, 244 and 344 is press fit within tube 40, 340, wherein the weight 44, 144, 244 is frictionally retained against both rotation and axial movement with respect to tube 40, 340.

In other implementations, the weight, such as weights 44, 144, 244 and 344, may be retained against both axial movement and rotational movement by coatings deposited upon one or both of the inner surface the tube and the outer surface of the weight. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an example tube 440 containing another example weight 444. Tube 440 comprises an outer circumferential layer 446 and an inner layer 448. Outer circumferential layer 446 provides structural strength for tube 440. Inner layer 448 comprises a film, coating, laminate or other structure on the inner surface of layer 446. In one implementation, inner layer 448 comprises a material possessing a high coefficient of friction with respect to the material of the outer surface of weight 444 to resist sliding or movement of weight 444 within tube 440 once weight 444 is positioned within tube 440. In yet another implementation, inner layer 448 may comprise a material having a low coefficient of friction with respect to the material of the outer surface of weight 444 to facilitate sliding positioning of weight 444 into tube 440.

As shown by FIG. 6A, in some implementations, different axial regions of tube 440 may have different inner coatings or different inner layers 448A, 448B, facilitating sliding movement of weight 444 within tube 440 until weight 444 has reached a desired location within tube 440. For example, in regions within tube 440 where weight 444 is not to be located may be coated with a layer or coating 448A of a low friction material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene to facilitate sliding movement of weight 444. In locations where the weight is desired to be located, the inner surface of tube 440 may have a rougher surface texture or may be provided with a coating or layer 448B of a high friction material, such as a rubber-like material, or may be provided with a thicker coating so as to have a reduced diameter, wherein weight 444 may slide to the desired location and then be retained at the desired location by the high friction or thicker coating of tube 440.

In the example illustrated, weight 444 is multi-layered, having an inner layer or core 460 and an outer layer 462. In such an implementation, core 460 is formed from material providing the weight characteristics of weight 444. Outer layer 462 comprises a different material, such as a coating, film or laminate about core 460. In one implementation, layer 462 comprises a low friction material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, to facilitate sliding of weight 444 within tube 440. In yet another implementation, layer 462 comprise a high friction material, such as a rubber-like material, wherein weight 444 may be pushed into tube 440 and wherein tube 444 will be retained at a desired location within tube 440 once positioned at the desired location. In yet other implementations, weight 444 may comprise a single homogenous mass of material.

In yet other implementations, the weight, such as weights 44, 144, 244 and 344, is retained against rotation and axial movement relative to the tube as a result of the tube resiliently deforming or flexing around or about the weight. FIG. 7 is a sectional view illustrating tube 540 containing weight 444. At least a portion of tube 540 comprises an elastomeric sleeve portion 542 which has a thickness and/or is formed from one or more materials so as to be resiliently stretchable and/or compressible. Sleeve portion 542 may be stretched or held taut between two opposite axial anchor points, such as (A) other rigid or inflexible portions 543 of tube 540 on opposite sides of sleeve portion 542 (as shown), (B) handle portion 24 and an end cap of bat 20 or (C) annular anchors 545 (shown in broken lines) extending from portions of barrel 24 on opposite axial sides of sleeve portion 542.

Sleeve portion 542 is sized less than the outer diameter or outer dimension of weight 444. During insertion of weight 444 into sleeve portion 542, sleeve portion 542 stretches and then grips the received weight 344. In the example illustrated, the inner surface of sleeve portion 542 has a shape or profile matching the outer shape or profile of the received weight, such as weight 444. In the example illustrated, the outer surface of sleeve portion 542 also has a shape or profile substantially matching the outer shape or profile of the received weight, such as weight 444. In yet other implementations, sleeve portion 542 may be resiliently compressible such that while the inner surface of sleeve portion 542 has a shape or profile substantially matching the outer shape or profile of the received weight, the outer surface of sleeve portion 542 does not substantially change in response to receipt of the weight by sleeve portion 542, wherein the change in shape of the inner surface of sleeve portion 542 is “absorbed” by the resulting compression of the material forming sleeve portion 542.

In one implementation, sleeve portion 542 is sufficiently stretchable/compressible and resiliently flexible to allow reception of weight 344 so as to deform and wrap at least partially about weight 344, while at the same time, being sufficiently inelastic so as to prevent sleeve portion 542 from radially moving into contact with barrel 26 during impact of barrel 26 with the ball during a swing. In one implementation, the entirety of tube 540 is formed from a resiliently flexible and stretchable material. In another implementation, selected portions of tube 540 are formed from a resiliently flexible and stretchable and/or compressible material.

In yet other implementations, the weight, such as weights 44, 144, 244 and 344, may be retained against both axial movement and rotational movement by a plurality of recesses, grooves or channels, and one or more generally resilient projections or tabs. The recesses, grooves or channels can be positioned on either the inner surface of the tube or on the outer surface of the received weight, and the one or more projections can be positioned on the opposite surfaces of the tube or the weight. FIG. 8 is a sectional view illustrating a portion of barrel portion 26 of bat 20 and further illustrating tube 640, and weight 644. In the example illustrated, tube 640 comprises a plurality of spaced inwardly projecting projections 646. Projection 646 are resiliently flexible stretchable to a sufficient degree so as to sufficiently bend to allow weight 644 to pass across such projections when being forced along tube 640. In the example illustrated, projections 646 comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth about the inner surface of tube 640. In other implementations, projections 646 may each comprise an annular rib having a pointed, flat around the tip and continuously extending about the inner surface of tube 640. In the example illustrated, tube 640 comprises a number of projection 646 spaced along tube 640 by distance greater than a length of weight 644, facilitating the positioning of weight 644 at any one of a plurality of multiple different positions axially along tube 640. In yet other implementations, tube 640 may comprise a single projection 646 or a single set of projection 646 that prescribe the location for weight 644.

Weight 644 is similar weight 44 described above except that weight 644 comprises at least one detent, provided by an annular groove 648 that is sized to receive a projection or group of projections 646. In the example illustrated, weight 644 comprises a plurality of such grooves 648, wherein the grooves 648 are axially spaced with a center-to-center pitch that matches the center-to-center pitch of projection 646 along tube 640. In yet other implementations, such as in implementations where projection 646 comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced projections, in lieu of comprising a detent in the form of an annular groove 648, weight 644 may comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced detents, the detents having a circumferential spacing matching the circumferential spacing of the circumferentially spaced projections.

In use, weight 644 is pushed through tube 640 until positioned at a desired axial location along tube 640. As weight 644 is being pushed, projections 646 resiliently flex and bend. At each available position, where projections 636 are in alignment with grooves 648, grooves 648 receive such projection 646 to tactily or audibly indicate such reception at the available weight securement location. The user may choose the particular weight securement location or continue to push (or pull) weight 644 along tube 640 to another available weight securement location.

FIG. 9 illustrates another example implementation of bat 20 which is similar to that 20 described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 except that bat 20 shown in FIG. 9 comprises tube 660 and weight 664. Tube 660 comprises a plurality of axially spaced detents 666 along the inner surface of tube 660. In the example illustrated, detents 666 comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced indentations about the inner surface of tube 660. In other implementations, detents 666 may each comprise an annular groove continuously extending about the inner surface of tube 640. In the example illustrated, tube 640 comprises a number of detents 666 spaced along tube 640 by distance greater than a length of weight 664, facilitating the positioning of weight 664 at any one of a plurality of multiple different positions axially along tube 660. In yet other implementations, tube 660 may comprise a single detent 646 or a single set of detents 646 that prescribe the location for weight 664.

Weight 664 is similar weight 44 described above except that weight 664 comprises at least one projection 668 sized to project into a selected one of detents 666 of tube 660. In the example illustrated, weight 644 comprises a plurality of such projection 668, wherein the projections 668 are axially spaced with a center-to-center pitch that matches the center-to-center pitch of detents 666 along tube 640. In yet other implementations, such as in implementations where detents 666 comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced detents, in lieu of projection 668 each comprising an annular rib 668, weight 644 may comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced projections 668, the projection 668 having a circumferential spacing matching the circumferential spacing of the circumferentially spaced detents 666.

In use, weight 664 is pushed through tube 640 until positioned at a desired axial location along tube 660. As weight 664 is being pushed, projection 68 resiliently flex and bend. At each available position, where projections 668 are in alignment with detents 666, detents 666 receive such projection 668 to tactily or audibly indicate such reception at the available weight securement location. The user may choose the particular weight securement location or continue to push (or pull) weight 664 along tube 660 to another available weight securement location.

In each of the implementations described above with respect 8 and 9, the projections 646 and 668 have corresponding grooves or detents 646, 666. In other implementations, such grooves or detents may be omitted, wherein the resiliently flexible projections 646, 668 frictionally grip and engage the opposing surface. For example, projection 646 may grip and engage the outer surface of weight 644. The projections 648 may grip and engage the inner surface of tube 660. In yet other implementations, the inner surface of tube 740 and the outer surface of weight 744 can form a set of helical threads for enabling the weight 744 to be rotated as a whole into the desired position along the tube.

In yet other implementations, the weight, such as weight 44, 144, 244 and 344 is axially retained in place within tube 40 by mass of material at least partially encapsulating weight 44 and bonding to the inner surface of tube 40. FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a portion of barrel portion 26 illustrating tube 40, weight 44 and retainer 676. Tube 40 and weight 44 are described above. Retainer 676 comprises a mass of, adhesive extending between weight 44 and tube 40 so as to retain weight 44 against movement relative to tube 40 within barrel portion 26. In one implementation, retainer 676 comprises a mass of material that encapsulates weight 44. In one implementation, retainer 676 comprises a mass of material which is deposited about weight 44 within tube 40 while in a liquid or viscous state, wherein the material flows about weight 44. In one implementation, retainer 676 comprises a mass of material that is deposited into tube 40 on both sides of weight 44 while in a liquid state, encapsulating opposite end portions of weight 44. In one of the limitation on the mass media does not flow past or across weight 44 between weight 44 and tube 40. In yet another implementation, the mass material flows between weight 44 and tube 40 so as to reach both sides of weight 44. Thereafter, the mass of liquid or flowable material is solidified through evaporation or curing, bonding with the inner surface of tube 40 to retain weight 44 in place. In another implementation, retainer 676 may comprise a pair of preformed plugs secured in place on opposite sides of weight 44 within tube 40.

In some implementations, the retainer similar to retainer 676 may be used to encapsulate and retain a plurality of weights within tube 40. FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a portion of barrel portion 26 of bat 20 comprising weights 44, 684 and 685 secured by retainer 686. Weight 44 is described above.

Weights 684 and 685 are similar to weight 44 except that weights 684 and 685 can have different dimensions are different weight characteristics as compared to weight 44. In the example illustrated, weight 44, weight 684 and weight 685 are arranged in a stack with their axial ends in contact with one another. In other implementations, other weights may be stacked to provide the bat 20 with other weight distribution characteristics. For example, in other implementations, tube 40 may alternatively contain two individual weights or more than three individual weights.

Retainer 686 comprises a mass of liquid or flowable material which retains weights 44, 684, 685 in place within tube 40 relative to tube 40 and relative to barrel portion 26. In one implementation, a first mass of material 689 is deposited within tube 40 while in a solid state. In another implementation, material 689 is deposited within tube 40 while in a liquid state, wherein the liquid is subsequently solidified. Material 689 has a surface 691 which serves as a stop for locating the stack of weights. Thereafter, weights are individually position within tube 40 and stacked upon or against stop surface 691. Once a desired selection and number of weights have been inserted into tube 40 against stop surface 691, a second mass of material 693 is deposited on top of the stack of weights. In one implementation, the second mass material 693 comprises a solid material or a plug. In another implementation, the second mass of material 693 is deposited in tube 40 while in a liquid or flowable state, wherein the mass material subsequently solidified. Materials 689 and 693 form retainer 646 which secures the stack of weights in place within tube 40 and relative to barrel portion 26. In some implementations, weights 44, 684 and 685 are secured in place within tube 40 prior to insertion of tube 40 into barrel portion 26. In another implementation, the material 693 that encapsulates weights 44, 684 and 685 may be omitted where a plug is alternatively positioned within tube 40 adjacent to weight 685 on an opposite side of weight 685 as weight 684.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a portion of barrel portion 26 of bat 720. Bat 720 is similar bat 20 except the bat 720 comprises tube 740 and retainer 746. Those remaining components of bat 720 which correspond to components of bat 20 are numbered similarly in FIG. 8 or are shown in FIG. 1.

Tube 740 is similar to tube 40 except that tube 740 additionally comprises a plurality or series of openings 749 extending through and spaced along tube 740 within barrel portion 26. In one implementation, openings 749 are uniformly spaced along tube 740. In another implementation, openings 749 are non-uniformly spaced along tube 740, wherein those regions of tube 740 in which finer adjustments with regard to the positioning of weight 44 may be desirable are provided with a greater density of openings 749 (a smaller pitch between opening 749) as compared to those openings 749 in other regions of tube 740. Openings 749 cooperate with retainer 746 to secure weight 44 at a selected one of the plurality of different available positions along tube 740. In one implementation, openings 749 are internally threaded. In one implementation, retainer 746 can include two or more retainers.

Retainer 746 comprises a locator, such as a pin, which extends through a selected one of openings 749 into engagement with weight 44 so as to retain weight 44 in a selected position along tube 740. In one implementation, retainer 746 comprises a screw that screws into weight 44, wherein prior to receiving the screw, weight 44 lacks a detent or bore. In another implementation, retainer 746 comprises a screw, pin or bolt that passed through a selected one of openings 749 into a pre-existing detent 751, such as a preformed or predefined threaded or unthreaded bore, in weight 44.

FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate use of openings 749 and retainer 746 to selectively position weight 44 at different locations within tube 740. FIG. 12 illustrates weight 44 in a first position while FIG. 13 illustrates weight 44 in a second different position. When in the first position, weight 44 is secured by the locator of retainer 746 extending through a first one of openings 749. When in the second position, weight 44 is secured by the locator of retainer 746 extending through a second one of openings 749.

FIG. 13 further illustrates the use of openings 749 to secure an additional weight 44 within tube 740. As shown in broken lines, an additional weight 744 may be located within tube 740 and may be retained in place by an additional retainer 747 in the form of a locator, similar to the locator of retainer 746. As a result, a user may add or remove weight as desired.

FIGS. 11 and 12 are sectional views of a portion of barrel portion 26 of an example bat 820. Bat 820 is similar bat 20 except the bat 820 comprises tube 840, weight 844 and retainer 746. Tube 840 is similar to tube 740 except that tube 840 is illustrated as having a single opening 749. In other implementations, tube 840 may comprise additional openings 749.

Weight 844 is similar to weight 44 except that weight 844 comprises a plurality of detents 851 and axially or longitudinally spaced along weight 844. Detents 851 comprise depressions extending into weight 844 or the reception of the locator of retainer 746. As shown by FIGS. 11 and 12, detents 851 facilitate securement of weight 844 in different positions along tube 840 using a single opening 749. As a result, a user may selectively position weight 844 within tube 840 and along barrel portion 26 according to his or her preferences.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a portion of an example bat 920. Bat 920 is similar to bat 720 described above except that bat 920 is illustrated as comprising tube 940 and transitioner 960. Those components of bat 920 which correspond to components of bat 720 are numbered similarly or are shown in FIG. 1.

Tube 940 is similar to tube 740 described above except that tube 940 continues from within barrel portion 26, through transition 960 and forms handle portion 24. In one implementation, tube 940 has a constant outer diameter along its length and terminates prior to reaching distal end 64 of bat 920. In the example illustrated, tube 940 terminates within barrel portion 26 prior to reaching the end of bat 920. Tube 940 continues to proximal region 28, where tube 940 is secured to knob 22 (shown in FIG. 1).

Transitioner 960 comprises a structure that provide a smooth transition between the wider outer diameter barrel portion 26 and the narrow or diameter of handle portion 24, provided by tube 940. In the example illustrated, transition 960 comprises a conical member positioned about tube 24 adjacent to barrel portion 26. In other implementations, transition 960 may have other configurations or may be omitted.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of a portion of an example bat 1020. Bat 1020 is similar to bat 720 described above except that bat 1020 is illustrated as comprising tube 1040 and end cap 1070. Those components of bat 1020 which correspond to components of bat 720 are numbered similarly or are shown in FIG. 1.

Tube 1040 is similar to tube 740 described above except that tube 940 extends within barrel portion 26, terminating prior to handle portion 24 (shown in FIG. 16). Tube 1040 is supported by end cap 1070. In particular, tube 1040 is cantilevered from end cap 1070 such project into barrel portion 26. In the example illustrated, tube 1040 projects at least 2 inches into barrel portion 26 towards distal end 62 and knob 22 (shown in 1) of bat 1020.

End cap 1070 comprises a structure which closes off barrel portion 26 and forms the distal and 64 of bat 1020. In the example illustrated, end cap 1070 has a curved or semi-spherical end profile or shape. In other implementations, end cap 1070 may have other outer profiles or shapes. End cap 1070 supports tube 1040. In one implementation, tube 1040 and end cap 1070 are integrally formed as a single unitary body. In yet another implementation, tube 1040 is seated within a centered bore of end cap 1070. In yet other implementations, tube 1040 may be bonded, welded, fastened or otherwise secured to end cap 1070 so as to be centered along a longitudinal centerline of bat 1020.

As indicated by broken lines in FIG. 17, in other implementations, tube 1040 may additionally or alternatively be supported by annular supports extending radially inward from barrel portion 26. In the example illustrated, bat 1020 comprises proximal annular support 1043 and distal annular support 1045. Annular supports 1043 and 1045 support opposite end portions of tube 1040. In one implementation, annular supports 1043 and 1045 comprise annular disks or rings having a central opening through which tube 1040 extends. In another implementation, annular supports 1043 and 1045 comprise a plurality of circumferential spaced spokes radially extending from tube 1040 and connected to tube 1040 and barrel portion 26. In one implementation, each of supports 1043 and 1045 may be formed of a lightweight, compressible material such as an open or closed cell polymeric foam or a lightweight elastomeric material. In one implementation, supports 1043 and 1045 have central openings 1048 sized or bound by compressible or flexible material such that tube 1040 may be slid through such openings 1048. In one implementation, supports 1043 and 1045 are integrally formed as part of a single unitary body with barrel portion 26. In another implementation, supports 1043 and 1045 are integrally formed as part of a single unitary body with tube 1040. In one implementation, supports 1043 and 1045 provide additional support for tube 1040 beyond what is provided by end cap 1070. In one implementation, support 1045 may be omitted, where one end of tube 1040 is supported by support 1043 and the other end of tube 1040 is supported by cap 1070. In another implementation, cap 1070 may be omitted or maybe distinct and independent of tube 1040 so as to not support tube 1040.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a portion of an example bat 1120. Bat 1120 is similar to bat 920 described above except that bat 1120 is illustrated as comprising tube 1140 and end cap tube 1070. Those components of bat 1120 which correspond to components of bat 920 are numbered similarly or are shown in FIG. 1. As shown by FIG. 18, tube 1140 is similar to tube 940 except that tube 1140 extends to end cap 1070, being supported by end cap 1070 as described above respect to bat 1020.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view of a portion of an example bat 1220. Bat 1220 is similar to bat 1120 described above except that bat 1220 is illustrated as comprising pivot joint 1250 and end cap 1270. Those components of bat 1220 which correspond to components of bat 1120 are numbered similarly or are shown in FIG. 1.

Pivot joint 1250 is formed directly between proximal region 36 of barrel portion 26 and exterior surface of handle portion 324. In the example illustrated, pivot joint 1250 comprises annular socket 1252 and an annular rounded head 1256 received within annular socket 1252. In the example illustrated, annular socket 1252 is provided by proximal region 36 of barrel portion 26 and rounded head 1256 is provided on the exterior of handle portion 24, and in the example illustrated, on the exterior of tube 1140. Rounded head 1256 movable, slidably and/or rotatable engaged with socket 1252, allowing proximal region 36 of barrel portion 26 to rotate or pivot about an axis (or axes) perpendicular to centerline 32 of bat 1620 upon impact of a ball with the barrel portion 26. In other implementations, and annular socket 1252 may be provided on the exterior of handle portion 24 or tube 1140, facing outwardly, while rounded head 1256 can be formed on the inner surface of proximal region 36 of barrel portion 26, facing and received within annular socket 1252. In the example illustrated, both annular socket 1252 and annular rounded head 1256 completely and continuously encircle the axis or centerline 32. In another implementation, annular socket 1252 and annular rounded head 1256 may comprise multiple angularly spaced segments about axis 32.

End cap 1270 is similar to end cap 1070 described above. Similar to end cap 1070, end cap 1270 supports the end of tube 1140 at distal end 64 of bat 1220. In the example illustrated, end cap 1270 comprises end portion 1272, outer ring 1274 and inner ring 1276. End portion 1272 closes off or blocks end opening of barrel portion 26. Outer ring 1274 projects from end portion 1272 and is sized so as to be press fit against the inner surface of barrel portion 26. In one implementation, adhesives, fasteners or welds may additionally be provided to further secure outer ring 1274 to barrel portion 26. Inner ring 1276 projects from end portion 1272 in words of outer ring 1274. Inner ring 1276 forms an interior cavity 1278 into which the end portion of tube 1140 is press-fit. In other implementations, tube 1140 may be further secured to inner ring 1278 by adhesives, fasteners or welds.

FIG. 20 is a sectional view of a portion of an example bat 1320. Bat 1320 is similar to bat 1220 described above except that bat 1320 is illustrated as comprising tube 1340 in place of tube 1140. Those components of bat 1320 which correspond to components of bat 1220 are numbered similarly or are shown in FIG. 1.

Tube 1340 is similar to tube 1140 except that tube 1340 terminates within barrel portion 26. Similar to tube 1040 described above with respect to bat 1020 in FIG. 17, tube 1340 is supported by end cap 1270. In particular, tube 1340 is cantilevered from end cap 1270 such project into barrel portion 26. In the example illustrated, tube 1340 projects at least 2 inches into barrel portion 26 towards proximal end 62 and knob 22 (shown in 1) of bat 1320.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of a portion of an example bat 1420. Bat 1420 is similar to bat 1320 described above except that bat 1320 is illustrated as comprising tube 1440 in place of tube 1140, pivot joint 1450 in lieu of pivot joint 1250 and retainer 546 in place of retainer 746. Those components of bat 1420 which correspond to components of bat 1320 are numbered similarly or are shown in FIG. 1.

Tube 1440 is similar to tube 1140 except that tube 1440 omits openings 749. In other implementations, opening 749 may be provided in tube 1440, wherein retainer 546 is injected with retainer 546, while the material of retainer 546 is in a liquid or flowable form, through such openings 749 to secure weight 44 in place within tube 1440. Retainer 546, described above, secures weight 44 at a selected position within tube 1440 and against relative movement with respect to tube 1440. In one implementation, retainer 546 comprises a material, such as epoxy, that is injected while in a liquid or flowable state, wherein the material solidifies by evaporation or curing to secure and bond weight 44 at a selected position within and to tube 1440.

Pivot joint 1450 pivotably supports proximal region 36 of barrel portion 26 for pivotal movement about an axis perpendicular to the centerline 32 of bat 1420. Pivot joint 1450 facilitates inward deflection of barrel portion 26 when impacting a ball, enhancing or improving the performance of the barrel portion and the hitting zone of the ball bat.

As shown in FIG. 21, pivot joint 1450 comprises an annular socket 1252, annular rounded head 1456 which is movably received within socket 1452, handle interface piece 1458 and damper 1460. In the example illustrated, socket 1452 is formed along the inner surface of barrel portion 26 while rounded head 1456 is provided on the exterior of handle portion 24. In other implementations, this arrangement may be reversed.

Handle interface piece (HIP) 1458 comprise a component that is bonded to the outer diameter an outer surface of handle portion 24. HIP 1458 interconnects handle portion 24 to barrel portion 26 by supporting rounded head 1456. In the example illustrated, HIP 1458 comprises an a tube or sleeve having a pair of spaced walls 1461 that form an intermediate channel 1462 that contains a ring 1466 having an outer rounded surface forming head 1456. In other implementations, ring 1466 may be secured to HIP 1458 without being received within the intermediate channel 1462. For example, ring 1466 may be welded, bonded, mechanically snapped into or onto, or otherwise secured to HIP 1458. In some implementations, ring 1466 is omitted, wherein head 1256 is integrally formed as a single unitary body about along the exterior of HIP 1458.

In the example illustrated, the outer surface of HIP 1458 additionally includes a threaded portion 1468. Threaded portion 1468 threadably mates with corresponding threads on the interior of interface 1470. Similar to interface 960, interface 1470 provides a smooth transition between handle portion 24 and barrel portion 26. In other implementations, HIP 1458 may omit threaded portion 1468, wherein interface 1470 is secured to handle portion 24 and/or HIP 1458.

Damper 1460 comprises an elastomeric or resilient mass of material captured between handle portion 24 and the interior diameter surface of barrel portion 26 within barrel portion 26. In one implementation, damper 1460 comprises a mass of rubber or rubber-like material filling the volume between the proximal region 36 of barrel portion 26, mechanically coupled to or physically contacting the inner surface of barrel portion 26 and the outer surface of handle portion 24. In one implementation, damper 1460 is formed by filling the volume between HIP 1458 and the end of handle portion 24 with elastomeric material or rubber-like material in a liquid like state, wherein the elastomeric or rubber-like material is subsequently dried or cured to a solid-state. In yet another implementation, damper 1460 is formed by securing a tubular rubber-like sleeve about the portion of handle portion 24 that is received within barrel portion 26. Damper 1460 absorbs vibration and shock as barrel portion 26 pivots about one or both of pivot joint 1450 and pivot joint 1450.

FIG. 22 is a sectional view of a portion of an example bat 1520. Bat 1520 is similar to bat 1420 described above except that bat 1520 is illustrated as comprising tube 1540 in place of tube 1440. Those components of bat 1520 which correspond to components of bat 1420 are numbered similarly or are shown in FIG. 1.

Tube 1540 is similar to tube 1140 described above. 215 40 continuously extends from handle portion 24 to end cap 1270. In one implementation, tube 1540 serves as the core structure of handle portion 24. In such an implementation, tube 1540 is a single integrally formed unitary body extending from knob 22 (shown in FIG. 1) to end cap 1270.

FIG. 23 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of another example bat 1620. Bat 1620 similar to bat 1220 except weight 44 is retained in place within two 1140 by retainer 546 (described above) and that tube 1140 extends to and is connected to enlarged bulbous structure that also forms or serves as an end cap 1670 for bat 1620. End cap 1670 is integrally formed as a single unitary body with tube 1140 which also serves as a core structural component of handle portion 24, tube 1140 extending to knob 22 (shown in FIG. 1). End cap 1670 is contained within distal region 34 of barrel portion 26 such that distal region 34 overlays portions of end cap 1670.

As shown by FIG. 23, end cap 1670 and the distal region 34 of barrel portion 26 form a second pivot joint, pivot joint 1680, spaced from pivot joint 1250. In the example illustrated, pivot joint 1680 comprises annular socket 1384 and an annular rounded head 1386 of end cap 1670 is received within annular socket 1384. In the example illustrated, annular socket 1384 is provided by distal region 34 of barrel portion 26 and rounded head 1386 is provided on the circumferential perimeter of end cap 1670. Rounded head 1386 is movable, slidable and/or rotatable within socket 1384, allowing distal region 34 of barrel portion 26 to rotate or pivot about an axis (or axes) perpendicular to centerline 32 of bat 1620. In other implementations, annular socket 1384 may be provided on the circumferential perimeter of end cap 1670, facing outwardly, while rounded head 1386 is formed on the inner surface of distal region 34 of barrel portion 26, facing and received within annular socket 1384. In the example illustrated, both annular socket 1384 and annular rounded head 1386 completely and continuously encircle the axis or centerline 32. In another implementation, annular socket 1384 and annular rounded head 1386 may comprise multiple angularly spaced segments about axis 32. Because end cap 1670 is integrally formed as a single unitary body with tube 1140 and handle portion 24, both of such components may be simultaneously fabricated and assembled to barrel portion 26, providing simpler construction of bat 1620.

FIG. 24 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of another example bat 1720. Bat 1720 similar to bat 1620 except that bat 1720 comprises end cap 1770 in place of end cap 1670 and additionally comprises weight 1744. End cap 1770 is similar to end cap 1670 except that end cap 1770 is mounted to distal end of tube 1140. As a result, tube 1140 may be more easily fabricated, such as a pultrusion, or other single diameter tubular body.

Weight 1744 comprises a mass of material secured within the interior of tube 1140 within barrel region 26 by retainer 546. In one implementation, weight 1744 is the same as weight 44. In another implementation, weight 1744 may have different weight characteristics or size characteristics as compared to weight 44. Each of weights 44, 1744 may have configuration similar to weights 144, 244, 344 or 444 described above. In those implementations where weights 44 and 1444 have a non-circular cross sectional shape, tube 1140 would also be provided with a corresponding non-circular cross sectional shape.

In the example illustrated, retainer 546 and encapsulate both of weights 44 and 1744 to secure such weights against relative movement with respect to tube 1140 and with respect to barrel portion 26. In other implementations, weight 44 and weight 1744 may be secured in place by other retainers, such as retainer 746 described above. As shown by FIG. 24, bat 1720 provides customized weighting to best suit the preferences of different users.

FIG. 25 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of another example bat 1820, an example implementation of bat 20. Bat 1820 similar to bat 1620 except that bat 1820 comprises tube 1840 and end cap 1870. Those remaining components of bat 1820 which correspond to components of bat 1620 or bat 20 are numbered similarly or are shown in FIG. 1.

Tube 1840 is similar to tube 940 described above except that tube 1840 omits openings 749. Tube 1840 extends from knob 22 (shown in 1) into barrel portion 26, while terminating prior to reaching end cap 1870 or distal end 64 of bat 1820. Tube 1840 has uniform diameter along its length to a distal end 1841 received within barrel portion 26. Portions of tube 1840 within barrel portion 26 contain weight 44 which is retained in place relative to tube 1840 by retainer 546.

End cap 1870 is similar to end cap 1670 except that end cap 1870 comprises a disk that occludes distal opening 1871 of barrel portion 26. In the example illustrated, the disk forming end cap 1670 is within and is overlapped by distal region 34 of barrel portion 26. In the example illustrated, the outer circumferential perimeter of end cap 1870 provides the annular rounded head 1386 while the inner surface of distal portion 34 provides the inner annular groove 1384 of pivot joint 1680. In other implementations, the outer circumferential perimeter of end cap 1870 may alternatively comprise an outer annular groove or socket 1384 of pivot joint 1680 while the inner circumferential surface of distal portion 34 of barrel portion 26 comprises the annular rounded head 1386 of pivot joint 1680.

FIG. 26 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of another example bat 1920, an example implementation of bat 20. Bat 1920 similar to bat 1720 except that bat 1920 comprises end cap 1970. Those remaining components of bat 1920 which correspond to components of bat 1720 or bat 20 are numbered similarly or are shown in FIG. 1.

End cap 1970 is similar to end cap 1770 in that end cap 1970 receives distal end of tube 1140. End cap 1970 is different from end cap 1770 in that end cap 1970 additionally comprises a cover portion or lip 1976. Lip 1976 radially projects away from axis 32 so as to extend across, cover and overlie distal edges 1978 of barrel portion 26. Lip 1976 protects distal edges 1978 of barrel portion 26. In one implementation, lip 1976 is formed from an elastomeric material. In other implementations, other materials or combinations of materials can be used to make the end cap. In one implementation, lip 1976 is connected to the distal edges 1978 of barrel portion 26, but flexes so as to permit to pivoting of pivot joint 1680 about an axis (or axes) perpendicular to axis 32, about rounded head 1386, in response to the impact of a ball against barrel portion 26. In the example illustrated, lip 1976 has a rounded perimeter or end 1980. In other implementations, perimeter or end 1980 may be tapered or may have other shapes. In another implementation, tube 1140 may terminate after the first pivot joint 1250 and not extend to the end cap 1970.

FIG. 27 illustrates bat 2020, another example implementation of bat 20. Bat 2020 similar to bat 1920 except that bat 2020 additionally comprises pivot joint 2050. Those remaining components of bat 2020 which correspond to components of bat 1920 or bat 20 are numbered similarly or are shown in FIG. 1.

Pivot joint 2050 is formed directly by an interior of end cap 1970 and exterior surface of inner tube 1140. In the example illustrated, pivot joint 2050 includes annular socket 1384 formed into the distal region of the barrel portion 26 and annular rounded head 1386 formed by outer peripheral surfaces of end cap 1970 (essentially incorporating pivot joint 1680). Pivot joint 2050 also comprises annular socket 2084 and an annular rounded head 2086 received within annular socket 2084. In the example illustrated, annular socket 2084 is provided by an interior portion of end cap 1970 and rounded head 2086 is provided on the exterior of handle portion 424 adjacent distal end 472. Rounded head 2086 is movable, slidable and/or rotatable within socket 2084, further allowing distal region 34 of barrel portion 26 to rotate or pivot about an axis (or axes) perpendicular to centerline 32 of bat 2020. In other implementations, annular socket 2084 may be provided on the exterior of tube 1140 adjacent distal end 2072, facing outwardly, while rounded head 28 six is formed on the inner surface of end cap 1970, facing and received within annular socket 2084. In the example illustrated, both annular socket 2084 and annular rounded head 2086 completely and continuously encircle the axis or centerline 32. In another implementation, annular socket 2084 and annular rounded head 2086 may comprise multiple angularly spaced segments about axis 32. Pivot joint 2050 essentially combines a pair of radially spaced apart annular sockets 1384 and 2084 with a pair of annular rounded heads 1386 and 2086.

FIG. 28 illustrates bat 2120, another example implementation of bat 20. Bat 2120 is similar to bat 2020 except that bat 2120 comprises end cap 2170 and omits pivot joint 1680, utilizing pivot joint 2050 to facilitate pivoting of the distal region 34 of barrel portion 26 during impact with a ball. Those remaining components of bat 2120 which correspond to components of bat 2020 are numbered similarly or are shown in FIG. 1.

End cap 2170 caps the end of barrel portion 26 while at the same time permitting barrel portion 26 to pivot about pivot joint 2050 when impacted by a ball. End cap 2170 comprises an annular ring 2172 that fits inside distal region 34 of barrel portion 26 and abuts the inner circumferential surfaces 2174 of distal region 34 of barrel portion 26 to secure end cap 2170 to barrel portion 26. In one implementation, ring 2172 frictionally engages the inner surfaces 2174 of barrel portion 26 to retain end cap 2170 in place. In another implementation, ring 2172 is glued, bonded, welded, fastened or snapped to surface 2174 of barrel portion 26. In the example illustrated, ring 2172 is formed from a resiliently flexible material, being sufficiently flexible to allow bat 26 to pivot about an axis perpendicular to centerline 32 as facilitated by pivot joint 2050.

FIG. 29 is a sectional view of a portion of an example bat 2220. Bat 2220 is similar to bat 1320 described above except tube 2240 is shown in place of tube 1340. Tube 2240 is axially spaced apart from end cap 1270, and from the handle portion 24 of bat 2220. Bat 2220 further includes at least one annular support element 2242 which couples tube 2240 to an inner surface 2244 of barrel portion 26. The annular support element 2242 can be used to securely position tube 2240 within the barrel portion 26, such as collinear with the longitudinal axis of the bat 2220. The annular support element 2242 can be a single annular element, two annular elements, or three or more annular elements. The thickness of the annular element measured with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bat 2220 can range from 0.25 in to 8 inches. In one implementation, the thickness of the annular element 2242 can be within 0.5 to 2.0 inches. In other implementations, other thicknesses can be used. The annular element 2242 is formed of one or more lightweight, tough materials, such as, for example, an open cell or closed cell foamed material, cork, plastic, a polymeric material, wood, a fiber composite material, and combinations thereof. The annular member 2242 can be formed of a highly compressible material or a stiff material such that the annular member can have a negligible effect on the stiffness (or resistance to deflection during an impact with a ball) of the bat or can significantly increase the stiffness of the bat. Accordingly, the annular member 2242 can be used to govern the performance of the bat. In one implementation, the annular member 2242 is two spaced apart annular members formed of a polyurethane foam. In other implementations, other numbers of annular members and material compositions of the annular member can be used. The annular member or members 2242 can be placed at any location along the length of tube 2240.

The tube 2240 can have a length within the range of 1.0 to 10 inches. The tube 2240 is axially spaced apart from the end cap by at least 1.0 inch, and axially spaced apart from the distal end of the handle portion 24 by at least 1.0 inch. The tube 2240 incudes at least one weight 44. The tube 2240 can also include a plurality of openings 749 and at least one retainer 746 for selectively positioning the weight 44 within the tube 2240. In another implementation, the tube 2240 can be formed without openings or a separate retainer.

FIG. 30 is a sectional view of a portion of an example bat 2320. Bat 2320 is similar to bat 2220 described above except tube 2340 is shown as being filled with a castable material 2344 to form a weight. Tube 2340 is axially spaced apart from end cap 1270, and from the handle portion 24 of bat 2320. Bat 2320 further includes annular support element 2342 as a single support element. The castable material 2344 can be formed of one or more materials, such as, for example, a polyurethane material, other polymeric materials, a thermoplastic material, a thermoset material, a rubber and combinations thereof. In one implementation, the castable material 2344 can substantially fill the tube 2340. In other implementations, the castable material 2344 can partially fill the tube 2340 such that it is spaced apart from one or both ends of the tube 2340. In another implementation, the tube 2340 can be a solid cylindrical body without an internal cavity or volume.

FIG. 31 is a longitudinal, sectional view of a portion of an example bat 2420. The tube 2440 can be similar to any of the above-described tubes 40, 440, 540, 740, 840, 940, 1040, 1140, 1340, 1440 and 1840. Accordingly, tube 2420 can be coupled to the end cap 1270, the handle portion 24, both the end cap 1270 and the handle portion 24, or can be axially spaced apart from both the end cap 1270 and the handle portion 24. Weight 2444 can be positioned on the exterior of tube 2440. Weight 2444 can be molded to or attached to an outer surface of tube 2440. Weight 2444 can be formed of a castable material or a preformed solid material like weights 44, and 2344.

FIG. 32 is a longitudinal, sectional view of a portion of an example bat 2520. The tube 2540 can be similar to any of the above-described tubes 40, 440, 540, 740, 840, 940, 1040, 1140, 1340, 1440, 1840 and 2440. Accordingly, tube 2520 can be coupled to the end cap 1270, the handle portion 24, both the end cap 1270 and the handle portion 24, or can be axially spaced apart from both the end cap 1270 and the handle portion 24. Weight 2544 can be positioned on the exterior of tube 2540 similar to weight 2444. Weight 2544 can be molded to or attached to an outer surface of tube 2540. The implementation of FIG. 32 further includes a second weight 2546 positioned within the tube 2520. Weight 2546 can be positioned on the interior of tube 2540 similar to weight 44, 344, 444, 644, 844, 1744 and 2344. Weight 2546 can be molded to or attached to an inner surface of tube 2540. Weights 2544 and 2546 can be formed of a castable material or a preformed solid material like weights 44, and 2344. The weight 2546 may be formed of the same material as 2544 or weight 2546 can be formed of a different material than 2544. The weight 2546 may have a longitudinal dimension or length that is the same as the length of 2544, or the lengths of weights 2544 and 2546 can vary with respect to each other.

The above disclosure describes multiple bat configurations. It should be understood that although each of the bats illustrated in FIGS. 16-32 may be utilized with any of the different weights or tubes described respect to other figures in the disclosure. For example, any of the bats disclosed in the present disclosure may utilize tube 440 or tube 540. By way of a more specific example, the bat shown in FIG. 22 may alternatively be utilized with any of weights 144, 244, 344. The bat shown in FIG. 22 may alternatively be utilized with tube 440, tube 540, tube 640 and weight 644, tube 660 and weight 664 or weight 44 with retainers 746. Although supports 1043, 1045 are illustrated with respect to the bat shown in FIG. 17, such additional supports 1043, 1045 may be provided on any of the bats described in the present disclosure.

Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to example implementations, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter. For example, although different example implementations may have been described as including one or more features providing one or more benefits, it is contemplated that the described features may be interchanged with one another or alternatively be combined with one another in the described example implementations or in other alternative implementations. Because the technology of the present disclosure is relatively complex, not all changes in the technology are foreseeable. The present disclosure described with reference to the example implementations and set forth in the following claims is manifestly intended to be as broad as possible. For example, unless specifically otherwise noted, the claims reciting a single particular element also encompass a plurality of such particular elements. 

1. A ball bat extending along a longitudinal axis, the bat comprising: a handle portion; an end cap; a barrel portion having an outer wall about a hollow interior; a weight having a first end, a second end and an outer annular groove; and an inner tube directly connected to the end cap, the inner tube extending from the end cap towards the handle portion along the axis within the hollow interior and radially spaced from and out of contact with the outer wall, the inner tube containing the weight and having a weight receiving portion continuously encircling the weight without interruption from the first end of the weight to the second end of the weight without interruption, the portion having an interior surface projecting into the outer annular groove of the weight to retain the weight against movement along the longitudinal axis.
 2. (canceled)
 3. (canceled)
 4. (canceled)
 5. (canceled)
 6. (canceled)
 7. (canceled)
 8. (canceled)
 9. (canceled)
 10. (canceled)
 11. A ball bat extending along a longitudinal axis, the bat comprising: a handle portion; a barrel portion having an outer wall about a hollow interior; an inner tube extending along an axis within the hollow interior and radially spaced from and out of contact with the outer wall; a weight axially secured within the inner tube within the barrel portion; a second weight secured within the inner tube within the barrel portion; a first retainer retaining the weight in place relative to the inner tube; a second retainer retaining the second weight in place relative to the inner tube; and a mass of material encapsulating the weight and the second weight within the inner tube, the mass of material providing the first retainer and the second retainer.
 12. (canceled)
 13. (canceled)
 14. (canceled)
 15. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the inner tube extends along the handle portion.
 16. The ball bat of claim 11 comprising an end cap, wherein the inner tube extends to and is connected to the end cap.
 17. (canceled)
 18. The ball bat of claim 1 further comprising a pivot joint between the inner tube and the barrel portion, wherein the pivot joint comprises a curved concave surface facing the axis and a curved convex surface abutting the curved concave surface.
 19. The ball bat of claim 18 further comprising a second pivot joint between the inner tube and the barrel portion, the second pivot joint being spaced from the first pivot joint, wherein the second pivot joint comprises a second curved concave surface facing the axis and a second curved convex surface abutting the second curved concave surface.
 20. The ball bat of claim, wherein the inner tube extends along the handle portion.
 21. (canceled)
 22. (canceled)
 23. The ball bat of claim 11 further comprising a pivot joint between the inner tube and the barrel portion.
 24. The ball bat of claim 23 further comprising a second pivot joint between the inner tube and the barrel portion, the second pivot joint being spaced from the first pivot joint.
 25. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the inner tube resiliently stretches and wraps about the weight.
 26. (canceled)
 27. (canceled)
 28. (canceled)
 29. (canceled)
 30. (canceled)
 31. The ball bat of claim 1, wherein the weight is formed from a castable material.
 32. A ball bat extending along a longitudinal axis, the bat comprising: a handle portion; an end cap; a barrel portion having an outer wall about a hollow interior; a weight having a first end, a second end and an outer circumferential detent; an inner tube directly connected to the end cap, the inner tube extending from the end cap towards the handle portion along an axis within the hollow interior and radially spaced from and out of contact with the outer wall, the inner tube containing the weight; and a mass of material within the inner tube and encapsulating the weight so as to continuously extend from the first end to the second end, covering the first end and the second end of the weight to retain the weight against movement along the axis. 